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Dec. 13, 2012 ? Could aging and damaged bones be replaced with implants based on wood? That's the question Italian researchers from the National Research Council of Italy (CNR) writing in a forthcoming issue of the International Journal of Healthcare Technology and Management hope to answer.
Accidental damage, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, bone cancer and other diseases, represent a constant threat in the lives of millions of people and, with the progressive aging of the world population, this threat can only increase. Indeed, more than 2.2 million bone grafting procedures are performed annually around the world and this number is increasing as lifestyles change and people live longer. As such, finding biomimetic materials that are similar to bone in terms of strength, flexibility and density is a pressing concern for medical scientists. The hope is that it might be possible to displace or at least augment metal alloy implants using such materials.
The structure of some woods at the microscopic level is very close to that of natural bone and it shares some of those desirable properties, such as unique biomechanical properties, i.e. high strength and lightness at the same time, due to its hierarchical organization.
Now, Ugo Finardi (Institute for Economic Research on Firms and Growth-CERIS-CNR, and University of Torino), and Simone Sprio (Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics -- ISTEC-CNR), have carried out a case study on the implications of a new technology recently developed by the Research Group on Biomaterials of ISTEC. In that work, the researchers, Anna Tampieri, Simone Sprio and Andrea Ruffini, took inspiration from nature and used a nanotechnological approach to transform rattan wood into hierarchically organized implants. These biomimetic materials have a strength and flexibility similar to natural bone, something that cannot be achieved with current metal alloy technologies.
The technology described by Finardi and Sprio explains how the hierarchical physical structure of rattan wood might be used as a scaffold for creating a synthetic material to replace damaged and lost bone. An additional benefit is that such a material could be load bearing, a factor that has precluded the use of earlier biomimetic materials.
The processing of the raw wood to remove chemical components incompatible with implants for humans is long and complex but the benefits of producing a material that is so similar to bone and can be shaped to fit perfectly far outweigh such issues, the team suggests. The process involves heat treatment of the wood to remove cellulose, lignin and other plant materials but to leave behind a carbon skeleton that can then be infiltrated and reacted with calcium, oxygen and phosphate to make a porous material, chemically and mechanically mimicking bone. The Research team says that unlike metal alloys, ceramics and even donor bone, their patented material is low cost, has very good biomechanics, is biocompatible and can be integrated into existing bone, thus properly assisting bone regeneration.
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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/RPLm5nFZFnc/121213121343.htm
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Bolivia Agency of Information
Sean Penn at the vigil for Hugo Chavez in Bolivia.
By Augustin Mango, The Hollywood Reporter
Actor Sean Penn made a surprise appearance Monday in Bolivia as he attended a candlelight vigil for the health of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, who is currently in Cuba undergoing his fourth cancer surgery.
PHOTOS: Cannes Day 3: "Madagascar 3" premiere, Sean Penn's Haiti event
The event attracted Chavez supporters as well as Bolivian officials, and took place in a diplomatic location in La Paz. Penn joined Venezuelan ambassador Crisbeylee Gonzalez and took the stage wearing a Venezuelan flag jacket, according to a report by EFE.
?Thank you, Sean,? said Gonzalez, ?for joining us and for wanting to be here. We know President Chavez is a good friend of yours, and you didn?t hesitate one second about coming here with us to this vigil."
?He?s one of the most important forces we?ve had on this planet,? said Penn. ?And I?ll wish him nothing but that great strength he has shown over and over again. I do it in love, and I do it in gratitude.
?I just want to say, from my very American point of view, of my friend President Chavez: It is only possible to be so inspiring as he is, as a two-way street. And he would say that his inspiration is the people.?
STORY: Sean Penn on his blacklisted Dad: "There was no loyalty"
Penn has openly expressed his admiration and support for the left-wing government of Venezuela in the past, and declared U.S. audiences have been ?hypnotized? by big media corporations regarding Chavez?s democratic credentials. ?Who do you know here who's gone through 14 of the most transparent elections on the globe and has been elected democratically, as Hugo Chavez?" he stated in 2010. Since then, Chavez has won yet another presidential election this year against opposition candidate Henrique Capriles.
Penn was in Bolivia this week to attend a hearing for the release of businessman Jacob Ostreicher, who has spent 18 months in a maximum security local prison with no trial or sentence, under charges of money laundering.
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The Detroit Free Press?reports that protesters have already filled the Capitol building in Lansing. According to the newspaper, 10,000 people are expected to gather outside to demonstrate against the law, which would make it illegal to require workers to pay union dues as a condition of employment. ??
Despite a vocal counteroffensive from President Barack Obama and other national Democrats Monday, Michigan's GOP-led state legislature is?expected to pass the legislation.?Republican Gov. Rick Snyder has said he will sign the bill if it reaches his desk.?
On the surface, Michigan may seem like a surprising battleground for the latest GOP assault on organized labor. The manufacturing-heavy state is a stronghold for several powerful public and private-sector unions, most notably the United Auto Workers.The New York Times reports that just last month labor leaders asked the state's voters to approve an initiative that would have codified collective bargaining in the state constitution.?
That measure backfired, and last week,?GOP state legislators pushed through the right-to-work bill without any committee hearings or Democratic support.?
The conflict exposed growing tensions between Michigan's labor movement and the state's Republican lawmakers, echoing a trend that has been popping up in statehouses across the Midwest since 2010, including in Ohio, Wisconsin, and Indiana.?
But if the outcome of those labor fights are any indication, it is unlikely that Michigan's right-to-work fight will end at Snyder's desk today. According to reports, labor organizers are already exploring legal options to repeal the right-to-work law, and recall Republican lawmakers instrumental in passing the bill.
UPDATE, 12:35 p.m.:?
The AP reports that the Michigan state House passed the first of two right-to-work bills Tuesday, voting along 58-31 along party lines. The bill, which deals with public-sector unions makes it illegal to require workers to pay union dues as a condition of employment.?
The House is expected to vote on a second right-to-work- bill dealing with private-sector unions later this afternoon.?
Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder has said that, once passed, he will sign the bills into law as early as Wednesday.
Source: http://www.businessinsider.com/unions-michigan-right-to-work-protests-2012-12
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WASHINGTON (AP) -- White people will no longer make up a majority of Americans by 2043, according to new census projections, part of a historic shift that is already reshaping the nation's schools, workforce and electorate.
The official projection, released Wednesday by the Census Bureau, now places the tipping point for the white majority a year later than previous estimates, which were made before the impact of the recent economic downturn was fully known.
America continues to grow and become more diverse due to higher birth rates among minorities, particularly for Hispanics who entered the U.S. at the height of the immigration boom in the 1990s and early 2000s. Since the mid-2000 housing bust, however, the arrival of millions of new immigrants from Mexico and other nations has slowed, pushing minority growth below its once-torrid pace.
The country's changing demographic mosaic has stark political implications, shown clearly in last month's election that gave President Barack Obama a second term ? in no small part due to his support from 78 percent of non-white voters.
The non-Hispanic white population, now at 197.8 million, is projected to peak at 200 million in 2024, before entering a steady decline in absolute numbers as the massive baby boomer generation enters its golden years.
"The fast-growing demographic today is now the children of immigrants," said Marcelo Suarez-Orozco, a global expert on immigration and dean of UCLA's Graduate School of Education & Information Studies, describing the rate of minority growth in the U.S. as dipping from "overdrive" to "drive." Even with slowing immigration, Suarez-Orozco says, the "die has been cast" for strong minority growth from births.
As recently as 1960, whites made up 85 percent of the U.S., but that share dropped after a 1965 overhaul to U.S. immigration laws opened doors to waves of new immigrants from Mexico, Latin America and Asia. By 2000, the percentage of U.S. whites had slid to 69 percent; it now stands at roughly 64 percent.
"Moving forward, the U.S. will become the first major post-industrial society in the world where minorities will be the majority," Suarez-Orozco said. "With the white baby boomer population now leaving the work force, the most fundamental challenge will be connecting with this fast-growing U.S. group in terms of their education."
The U.S. has nearly 315 million people today. According to the projections released Wednesday, the U.S. population is projected to cross the 400 million mark in 2051, reaching 420.3 million a half century from now in 2060.
By 2060, whites should drop to 43 percent of the U.S. At that time, blacks will make up 14.7 percent, up slightly from today. Hispanics, currently 17 percent of the population, will more than double in absolute number, making up 31 percent, or nearly 1 in 3 residents.
Asians are expected to increase from 5 percent of the population to 8 percent.
The point when minority children become the majority is expected to arrive much sooner ? 2019. Last year, racial and ethnic minorities became a majority among babies ages 1 and younger for the first time in U.S. history.
At the same time, the U.S. population as a whole is aging, driven by white baby boomers born between 1946 and 1964. Over the next half century, the "oldest old" ? those ages 85 and older ? is projected to more than triple to 18.2 million, reaching 4 percent of the U.S. population.
The actual shift in demographics will be influenced by a host of factors that can't always be accurately pinpointed ? the pace of the economic recovery, cultural changes, natural or manmade disasters, as well as an overhaul of immigration law, which is expected to be debated in Congress early next year.
"The next half century marks key points in continuing trends ? the U.S. will become a plurality nation, where the non-Hispanic white population remains the largest single group, but no group is in the majority," said acting census director Thomas Mesenbourg.
Republicans have been seeking to broaden their appeal to minorities, who made up 28 percent of the electorate this year, after faring poorly among non-whites on Election Day, when Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney carried only about 20 percent of non-white voters..
The race and ethnic changes are already seen in pockets of the U.S. and in the younger age groups, where roughly 45 percent of all students in K-12 are Hispanics, blacks, Asian-Americans and others. Already, the District of Columbia and four states ? Hawaii, California, New Mexico and Texas ? have minority populations greater than 50 percent; across the U.S., more than 11 percent of counties have tipped to "majority-minority" status.
Last month, nearly all voters over age 65 were white (87 percent), but among voters under age 30, just 58 percent were white.
"Irrespective of future immigration and minority fertility patterns, the U.S. is facing a stagnating white population," said William H. Frey, a demographer at the Brookings Institution. "The biggest shift will occur over the next 20 years as the mostly white baby boom generation moves into traditional retirement years. It is in the child and early labor force ages where we must be ready for the greatest changes as new American minorities take over for aging whites."
The rapidly growing non-white population gives the U.S. a bit of an economic advantage over other developed nations, including Russia, Japan and France, which are seeing reduced growth or population losses due to declining birth rates and limited immigration. The combined population of more-developed countries other than the U.S. has been projected to decline beginning in 2016, raising the prospect of prolonged budget crises as the number of working-age citizens diminish, pension costs rise and tax revenues fall.
Depending on future rates of immigration, the U.S. population is estimated to continue growing through at least 2060. In a hypothetical situation in which all immigration ? both legal and illegal ? immediately stopped, previous government estimates have suggested the U.S. could lose population beginning in 2048.
___
AP Director of Polling Jennifer Agiesta contributed to this report.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/census-whites-no-longer-majority-182515711.html
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